Children Essay

1.1 Explain how enactment, systems, codes of training and strategies identifying with positive conduct support are applied to possess working practice. The parts of my job inside our setting are controlled by our approaches and techniques which have been composed with current enactment, for example, the Children’s demonstration. These approaches and systems spread advancing positive conduct and we as a whole follow that as our code of training as this is a significant zone to both us and every one of our youngsters. We center especially around acclaim for good conduct, regarding one another and each other’s emotions, helping one another and on the off chance that they can't accomplish something yet attempt we give acclaim for attempting. We feel that a child’s conduct is reflected in the amount they feel esteemed inside our setting, we ensure the youngsters have arranged exercises for them to experience and we permit the kids to have their state and we change and shape exercises letting the kids start to lead the pack and let the action free stream and it winds up being a great deal of fun. We do have a lot of house rules which we feel are practical and exceptionally set around house decides that would apply in their own home. We attempt to be reliable in upholding these house rules which particularly incorporates our own little girl, we ensure she is remembered for observing the house leads equivalent to the various youngsters that we take care of. Anyway all youngsters will have times where they make trouble and for this we have a few systems, contingent upon the age and phase of capacity of the kid yet we find that they function admirably for us. * Distraction-We will expel the youngster from a circumstance and give them an elective action or we request that the kid help us with an exceptional errand and reveal to them we need their assistance. * Ignoring-Depending on the circumstance we may disregard the terrible conduct as we feel it is being done to get a response, we do locate this increasingly normal with our own girl as well. * Discuss with youngster We will take the kid aside and converse with them regarding why we will expel them from the action in the event that they proceed despite the fact that we don’t need to do that yet we need kids to comprehend that their activities have results, we are in every case cautious that we clarify that it’s their conduct that we don’t like not them. We likewise converse with the youngster about how they are feeling perhaps not by then however we profit to it later for to check whether anything is upsetting them that they need to discuss * Time Out-Removing the youngster from an action or circumstance and giving them some peaceful time, perhaps some TV time if this is the thing that their like to do, we locate that a few kids copy out and simply need some brief timeframe all alone or with a companion to relax and loosen up We will never smack, shake, or hurt a kid in any capacity and we will never mortify a kid ever We would consistently talk about the circumstance with the parent on gathering; we have never had a circumstance where we have needed to call a parent/carer to gather the kid yet on the off chance that the circumstance required it we would do that. We have discovered that a few kids get very troubled on the off chance that you inform their folks regarding their conduct and this can really have a negative response so we will get the parent before the youngster realizes they are here and address them in private in our parlor about the circumstance, affirm how we managed it at that point and the result and t hat we have managed the conduct at the time that it occurred. 1.2 Define what is implied by prohibitive mediations. There are various types of prohibitive intervention’s, the first is physical intercession where you need to intercede, for example, if two youngsters were having a battle and you needed to split them up then there is a decent possibility that you should isolate them to quiet them down. Social intercession is another type of prohibitive mediation where you can manage the circumstance with discourse, non-verbal communication and outward appearances. Social intercession is likewise utilized in the setting for instance the step doors to stop the youngsters climbing the steps, the safety belts on the high seat so they don’t drop out. 1.3 Explain when prohibitive mediation may and may not be utilized. Professionals will consistently search for the most ideal method of managing circumstances that may emerge, sadly that’s some of the time not the case and there are times where Restrictive mediation might be required when a youngster is giving indications of preposterous conduct and everything has been assessed attempting to prevail upon them, intercession may then be utilized, yet any types of intercession are best utilized if all else fails as its in every case best practice to convey in a positive manner yet unequivocally relying upon the conditions and circumstance for example any injury that may have been brought about by a kid to another could have been a mishap and along these lines mediation of any sort may not be required on this event. 1.4 Explain who should be educated regarding any episodes where prohibitive mediations have been utilized. It plots in the EYFS that one mediation that can be utilized anyway uncommon that it is, can be that of a physical one, it is utilized to deal with a child’s conduct and it must be recorded and the guardians must be educated on a similar day as the occurrence happened. Our own approaches and strategies express that any intercession that has been required will be talked about with you at the hour of get, written in their handbook in the event that they have one or a call will be made on that day by us educating the guardians regarding the occurrence and how it was managed at that point. 1.5 Explain why the least prohibitive intercessions ought to be utilized when managing episodes of testing conduct. I think it’s consistently significant for individuals who take care of youngsters in whatever job they may do to be sure in once in a while troublesome conditions, I don’t mean we should adulate terrible conduct a long way from it however we have to show uplifting feedback of some nature with the goal for us to get the best out of youngsters , pessimism won’t draw out the best in individuals and will just give them a feeling of sadness and absence of self-assurance, positive criticism will ideally present to them the certainty they need in life to go from solidarity to quality so I feel it’s consistently essential to focus on what they can progress admirably and not what they can’t do right. For all gatherings associated with circumstances of terrible conduct it’s significant if conceivable to diffuse circumstances and to attempt to talk things through to a goals with the kid in question, in view of wellbeing. 1.6 Describe shields that must be set up if prohibitive physical intercessions are utilized. In view of wellbeing and security there are conditions that should be protected if any physical mediation is expected, security to everything is need in this circumstance and as heartbreaking as it might be, if an individual can't be quieted somewhere near some other methods as recently examined a circumstance may raise and turn physical. It’s significant that all kids are sheltered and in this way expelled from the setting and set with different experts in another room away from the compromising conduct of the individual concerned. On the off chance that any sad occasion happens it’s significant that the room is as protected as conceivable to keep away from any injury to all included, recollect that we are as yet searching for a quiet and positive consummation here and a physical circumstance is actually the exact opposite thing anyone wants.it needs reminding here that its best if 2 specialists are on backup as witnesses might be required if things turned crazy and on the off chance that anything was ever required from a clinical perspective. 2.1 Explain the contrast among proactive and responsive methodologies. These are both at each finish of the range, a Proactive system is about us forestalling a circumstance that we see may happen , a receptive technique is something that hasn’t occurred at this point and something we may need to respond to, a negative circumstance that we may need to transform into a positive one. 2.2 distinguish the proactive and receptive procedures that are utilized inside own work job. To utilize these strategies’ it’s about us seeing, hearing and monitoring circumstances nearly in a clairvoyant structure that may create in our setting, for us to respond and react in a manner to forestall something we feel may occur, as it might have occurred previously so will it happen once more?, this could be any sort of issue or circumstance and any demonstration that is done by a youngster, for example, crying, forceful conduct, smacking, gnawing, contentions , a case of a circumstance that has happened with us in our setting are as per the following, a proactive and receptive case of the manner in which we work is plan a movement when 2 of the kids that are associated with this don’t get along well overall yet we need them to feel remembered for the gatherings action ,it’s our business to comprehend what happened already when we did this action and the re ason for the circumstance in any case we would then be able to execute change for next time and check whether there is any adjustment in the conduct of the kid or kids whenever settled at that point fine, if not it’s up to us again to take a gander at the reason and afterward attempt another technique , strategies utilized in circumstances like this would be to: Use our insight so as to evade heightening, regulation, use redirection as a system, use intercession, challenge and disclose to kids the outcomes of their activities, bolster kids and assist them with settling circumstances to a positive end. 2.3 Explain the significance of distinguishing examples of conduct or triggers to testing conduct while building up proactive or receptive methodologies to be utilized. Like I’ve addressed before it’s about distinguishing the early admonition signs that triggers youngsters to cause troublesome conduct and for us to intercede and keeping it from heightening further, it’s typically for our situation very simple to spot as you wil

Essay Topics - How to Choose Essay Topics That Will Help You Gain Your Bachelors Degree

Essay Topics - How to Choose Essay Topics That Will Help You Gain Your Bachelor's DegreeThinking about your essays? Perhaps it's time to really sit down and think about what the best essay topics are and how to write them. This article will help you get started on the right track to the ultimate success of your college education.A great way to start off your topic is to consider a concept that has to do with the subject of your essay. In this case, the topic would be vocabulary. Think about what words you'd use to describe the topic that interests you. For example, if you are writing an essay about flowers and plants, you could talk about where the particular flower came from, the different types of flowers, their differences in color, and other aspects of the flower's appearance.After you have decided what you'd like to write about, visit an online dictionary or look up the definitions for the words you want to use. Then, you can come up with a topic idea that will fit with the word s you choose. Do a little research into the topic to make sure that the topic is at all viable.Once you have found an appropriate topic, be sure to think about who you'll be writing about. An essay about a person is very different from an essay about a group of people. Remember that it is not necessary to totally answer the question of why they were interested in your topic.Keep on moving in the right track. With many of the same topics as previously mentioned, you'll be able to turn them into mini-essays that focus on a specific concept that interest you. If you're writing about religion, for example, it is easy to turn those topics into a short essay that gives some history behind the topic.Although you can always discuss social situations, it might be difficult to go into them in depth. For example, you can write a short essay about how one of your friends is using religion as a part of their social gatherings, without delving too deeply into the subject. Some topics to consider for a smaller, more limited topic include movie stars, people who play sports, and people who are involved in political affairs.As you can see, there are plenty of topics to choose from when it comes to essay topics for your college education. Take the time to consider what topics you'd like to write about. It's going to be very helpful to have a topic list so that you can focus on a specific topic that will help you achieve your goals for your education.When you are choosing essay topics, remember that it doesn't have to be an overwhelming process. You'll be surprised at how many different topics are out there, and you can even create your own original ideas by doing some research.

Case Study Crossing The Chasm Marketing Essay

Robert Merton s Deviance And Control - 1651 Words

Robert Merton was a well educated individual big on learning societies focus and concerns, his career as a criminal theorist initiated at his start as a professor at the University of Columbia. His claims involved the why and how groups of people in America excluding other countries would involve the American Dream â€Å"wealth† as a mean to commit crimes trying to achieve the â€Å"goal†. In every city we could map out the social groups by crime rates and incident rates Nichols, Lawrence a sociologist explained â€Å"Robert K. Merton gained renown as a distinguished sociologist, especially in connection with the paradigm of structural-functionalism and he publicly self-identified as a structuralist. † (Lawrence Nichols. Sep2016) That explained†¦show more content†¦The purpose of a person can determine how strong his will and his border lines are for achieving the wants. Some are so willing and mentally strong that they become their only turning poin t meaning only they could stop themselves. Obviously, a lot does still matter on the environment. How he determined one s means and goals was by using the adaptation chart, explaining 5 different sections involving the ways individuals looked at goals and means. The first section was labeled as â€Å"conformity†, being the least to commit crime that’s where a large amount of the population would be considered part of. Conformity is accepting the means and goals which meant that these people were the hard workers working hard to achieve the wealth needed. These folks know it takes that extra mile to achieve wealth the right way but doesn t mind it, this involves higher education and dedication. Another way to explain would be showing your acceptance in means to accomplish your conformity in society. The second classification is the innovators, they accept the goals and reject the means. This group understands that wealth is important but their means to achieve it are no t. Their opinion in education and hard work has nothing to do with achieving wealth, meaning that any form of income legal or illegal doesn’t bother them. This thinking process is where we see deviant behavior come to surface, this category is affected by the environment and having access to those illegal waysShow MoreRelatedRobert Merton : Strain Theory1606 Words   |  7 Pages Robert Merton: Strain Theory Lashaya B. Jenae B. Raykyle H. Dominique W. Lidiya Y. Morgan State University Sociology 331-001 03/05/2015 Robert K. Merton developed the structural strain theory as an extension of the functionalist perspective on deviance. This theory traces the origins of deviance to the tensions that are caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means people have available to achieve those goals (CrossmanRead MoreChapter 7. 7.1 What Is Deviance?. Deviance – Behavior That1447 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 7 7.1 What is Deviance? Deviance – behavior that departs from societal or group norms Crime – an action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law Social Control – consists of the forces and processes that encourage conformity, including: self control, informal and formal control Criminal Justice System – the organizations - police, courts, and prison officials - that respond to alleged violations of the law The Biological ContextRead MoreEssay about Social Deviance1286 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Deviance Social deviance is a term that refers to forms of behavior and qualities of persons that others in society devalue and discredit. So what exactly is deviance? In this essay we are concerned with social deviance, not physiological deviations from the expected norm. In general, any behavior that does not conform to social norms is deviance; that is behavior that violates significant social norms and is disapproved of by a large number of people as a result. For societiesRead MoreDeviance Is A Violation Of Established Contextual, Cultural, Or Social Norms1784 Words   |  8 Pages Crime exists within the broad category of behaviour that sociologists call deviance, according to sociologist William Graham Sumner ‘deviance is a violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether codified by laws or not.’ and crime is behaviour that breaks a law requiring a legal sanction. Crime is socially and historically subjective, as it varies depending on the time and place the act is committed, for example, homosexuality was illegal and punishable by death under theRead MoreRobert Merton s Strain Theory1299 Words   |  6 PagesI have selected Robert Merton’s Strain theory and Edwin Sutherlands Differential Association theory and their approach to the study of crime for my essay. Robert Merton developed the theory that people engage in deviant behaviour when they can’t achieve socially approved goals by legitimate means. Deviance is a result of the strain an individual feels when they cannot achieve legitimately. Merton uses â€Å"The American Dream† to illustrate strain theory. Merton’s explanation is in two pieces; StructuralRead MoreRobert Merton Anomie THeory2189 Words   |  9 PagesMeyer R. Scholnick also known as Robert King Merton was born on the 4th of July 2010 in Philadelphia in a Jewish family from Russia that immigrated to the United States of America. He took advantage of the culture riches surrounding him by frequenting nearby cultural and educational venues when he was in High School. Mertons numerous childhood encounters composed a basis for his theory of social structure. The field of criminology and criminal justice has employed many of Merton’s prominent conceptsRead MoreA Critical Comparison Of Marxist Theory And Merton’S Strain1530 Words   |  7 Pages  A Critical Comparison of Marxist Theory and Merton’s Strain Theory of Deviance. Introduction: This particular work will consist of a critical theoretical review and a comparative analysis on two criminological theories. For the comparison I have chosen Marx’s theory of crime and Merton’s strain theory of deviance. My critical comparison analysis will emphasise the central concepts and arguments within both theories and how each theory explains crime. The analysis will then explore modern dayRead MoreMertons Strain Theory1912 Words   |  8 Pagesto criminology. Robert K. Merton was an American sociologist that wrote in the 1930’s putting out his first major work in 1938 called Social Structure and Anomie. After publication, this piece was we worked and tweaked to counter criticisms. The importance of the time frame of which Merton initially began his work is significant, as during this time crime and the approach to crime was examined predominantly based on the individual and was explained from a psychological base. Merton on the other handRead MoreMertons Strain Theory1923 Words   |  8 Pagescriminology. Robert K. Merton was an American sociologist that wrote in the 1930’s putting out his first major work in 1938 called Social Structure and Anomie. After publication, this piece was we worked and tweaked to counter criticisms. The importance of the time frame of which Merton initially began his work is significant, as during this time crime and the approach to crime was examined predominantly based on the individual and was explained from a psychological base. Merton on the other handRead MoreSocial Structure And Social Processes Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesthe criminal as a product of his or social environment (Siegel, 2000). There are three types of social structure theories. First, Disorganization theory describes conflict, change and the lack of consensus, as the main cause of deviance and crime. During the 1900’s some of the communities that were prospering could tell that crime increased in certain areas due to displaced people and this caused social disorganization. The inability of the immigrants to successfully instill values for their

A Norm Is A Standard Behavior That Is Expected From A Group

A norm is a standard behavior that is expected from a group of individuals. People must live by the expectations that their culture has set for them. Culture seems to have a major influence on people’s cognition. Ethan Watters believes that culture influences people. In â€Å"Being Weird†, Watters explores anthropologist Joe Henrich’s research on how culture shapes the world around us. Julia Serano also talks about culture in her essay â€Å"Why Nice Guys Finish Last†. Serano addresses how sexuality culture shapes the mindset of male and female, and the issues it creates in society. She goes on to argue how rape culture is normalized by the predator/prey mindset that culture embedded. Rape culture dominates individuals’ mindsets which causes†¦show more content†¦Watters writes, â€Å"†¦individuals tap that cultural storehouse of knowledge simply by mimicking (often unconsciously) the behavior and the of ways thinking of those around t hem† (500). Children are sponges at young age. They take all that they see that’s happening around them. To have healthy gender development, society must avoid assumption that each gender is not interested in other gender’s activity. It also important in having a gender-neutral language, stopping the division among the children allows them to feel included, regardless of their gender. This also shows a variety of roles, allowing them to have the freedom to choose what they want to be. Individuals’ entire lives are filled with examples of double standards. Serano writes, â€Å"because of the predator/ prey mindset, when a woman does act in a sexually active or aggressive way, she is generally viewed as a sexual aggressor, but rather as opening herself to being sexually objectified by others† (416). With the predator/ prey mindset, there comes stereotypes between males and females. Males in society are stereotyped as strong and aggressive while femal es are stereotyped as passive. Society has normalized the rape culture where it’s normal for men to urge in sexual activity and have a violent behavior. It’s normalized to the point where if a woman gets raped, she is the one to blame because the way she dresses or how she met the man. Serano says, â€Å"as stereotypes, bothShow MoreRelatedThe Dishonesty of Honest People (Paper Summary)1597 Words   |  7 Pages(give examples) The paper demonstrates that their convenience people become dishonest enough to profit but also behave honestly enough to maintain their self-concept. Why are People Dishonest? ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Origins of theory date from Adam Smith/Thomas Hobbes using Homo Economicus as a base reference. Aka â€Å"Rational Man† who acts consciously and deliberately to trade off benefits and costs of dishonest acts. Within a dishonest act there is normally a balance of tradeoffs: 1. theRead MoreStructural Functionalism : A Complex System1060 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as norms. Race provides an important way of understanding various parts of the social process. When social institution such as race, that provides meaning and stability in the social environment seem different or begin to change society is left confused and disorganized. Race marks individuals as different therefore, causing confusion throughout society. An example of this is racism. As with racism, when a group appears different it requires a longer process of integration into the group. ThisRead MoreOrganizational Behavior- Motivation Theories1023 Words   |  5 PagesQUESTIONS CHAPTER 8 134. Differentiate between formal and informal groups. Formal groups are those defined by the organization’s structure, with designated work assignments establishing tasks. In formal groups, the behaviors that one should engage in are stipulated by and directed toward organizational goals. Informal groups are alliances that are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined. These groups are natural formations in the work environment that appear in response toRead MoreNorms Are The Expectations, Or Rules Of Behavior851 Words   |  4 Pages Norms are the expectations, or rules of behavior that develop to reflect and enforce values. A norm violation is when a person goes against a certain way that culture and society expects one to act. When going against the norm it means that you are doing something that is not acceptable to one’s society or their culture. Normative behavior is expected to be in every culture. For example, in our society men and women have th e freedom to wear whatever they please, we are allowed to show our legsRead MoreThe Dishonesty of Honest People (Paper Summary)1589 Words   |  7 Pagespaper demonstrates that their convenience people become dishonest enough to profit but also behave honestly enough to maintain their self-concept. Why are People Dishonest? ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Origins of theory date from Adam Smith/Thomas Hobbes using Homo Economicus as a base reference. Aka â€Å"Rational Man† who acts consciously and deliberately to trade off benefits and costs of dishonest acts. Within a dishonest act there is normally a balance of tradeoffs: 1. theRead MoreGroup Norms And Its Effects On Youth Athletes1107 Words   |  5 PagesGroup norms are shared beliefs and attitudes among a certain set of people. These beliefs include both personal and situational factors. Those who agree with and participate in these norms are welcomed into the group. According to Carron and Eys (2012) group norms are reinforced behaviors, beliefs, and moral standards that are expected among members in their group. These shared beliefs within the group lead to group norms. Group norms can be studied in a variety of settings from schools to athleticRead MoreThe Art Of Communication Skills804 Words   |  4 Pagesis bringing out a response and changing behavior. The most important factor is for the sender to express their ideas clearly in order for the receiver to obtain an understanding. Communication is used everyday whether we realize it or not. In order to be successful, a person must contain the skill of communication. Messages can be sent to others by using two ways of communicating, verbally and non verbally.   The majority of the verbal communication is from one person to another. One-on-one verbalRead MoreSocietys Guidelines And Standards1553 Words   |  7 Pagesestablishes its standards in order to work properly. Those expectations define on how its members should and not behave, and how to relate to one another. Society’s guidelines and standards are referred as norms. Norms vary among different societies and even groups within societies may vary. Heslin indicates, â€Å"†¦values are the standards by which people define what is good and bad, beautiful and ugly†(2015, pg.49). Accordingly to their values, different settings and countries call for different norms. In theRead MoreExpectancy Violation Theory And Its Significance1650 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance in understanding interpersonal communication. The theory highlights the unexpected behavior of human being while interacting (Dainton, 2011). This theory is based on the reduction uncertainty where ambiguit y on behaviors of others is reduced through interaction. Expectancy violations theory offers some prospect to compare the personality of traditional empiricism with humanism. The theory was developed from the Nonverbal expectancy violation model of Burgoon who describes the nature of responseRead MoreGang Affiliation and Social Factors Underlying their Deviant Behavior1460 Words   |  6 PagesWe have discussed gang affiliation and the social factors underlying their deviant behavior, however, the motives for why people engage in this deviant behavior have different sociological theoretical explanations. I will use the following theories to interpret and analyze this cause of deviance. Functionalist theory/perspective The Functionalist theory through the studies of Durkheim, states that society is comprised of a greater network of parts that contributes to its stability. The functionalist

Reflection Essay - 1152 Words

As life becomes hectic and challenging, being able to manage my time is increasingly difficult. Additionally, being involved in online education adds a layer that requires time, that can be hard to find. Personally, through the use of a planner, eliminating distractions and studying at a coffee shop, has helped me find a way to balance my life. Between my responsibilities with family and work and still doing school, it is necessary for me to organize myself. What I have found helps me organize myself to accomplish everything I want to in a day is using a planner. I like to use a system called bullet journaling which is a more organized to-do list system. It is organized with daily, weekly and monthly lists and goals. Every morning while†¦show more content†¦Distractions are a complete detour in online school. It is increasingly difficult for me to maintain my focus and not become sidetracked by social media, friends, and entertainment. What I have found that is such an improvement for me is eliminating these distractions. Removing all possible distractions such as my phone, the television, and just unnecessary sidetracks online is crucial. Instead of being on Instagram or Snapchat all day, I have found that it is best if I delete the app or turn off my phone. I will also train myself so that every time I pick up my phone and start using it, I will start thinking â€Å"How important is this, do I need to do this.† Even doing this when I start getting that impulse. It is best to find a way to control my usage of my phone, computer or television. This is a constant struggle, but I make it a daily goal. To do this, I have begun setting up playlists for music or using a vinyl to play music. This helps me to avoid my phone and not put myself in the position of getting sidetracked. Even starting with small changes helps, for example, I try to take a ten-minute break every hour so that I can eliminate the possibility of losing track of time which is extremely harmful to me. I like to keep my breaks shorter, yet regular which helps aid me. Sometimes over limiting myself with my usage can make me lose my focus, so it is best to analyze my usage and deem what is appropriate. Sometimes IShow MoreRelatedReflection Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Essay The aim of this essay is to reflect on an incident, which took place in a hospital setting during the first month of my Foundation Degree Assistant Practitioner course. It will explore the importance of communication amongst the health care professionals and how a good nursing documentation is an integral part of nursing. It will also demonstrate how reflection enabled me to make sense of and learn from this experience, as well as identify any further learning developments neededRead MoreReflection Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesI determined that I needed a new interest, something to keep my mind engaged and challenged. I enrolled in the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) through the Columbia Southern University (CSU) just for fulfillment. This reflection assignment exercise proves to be the catalyst for my future college endeavors. The assignment to reflect on DBA program dreamed of taking steps towards realizing those ideas and course accomplishments right now. Due to time som e course assignments, I will embrace,Read MoreSelf Reflection Essays817 Words   |  4 Pages  Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Observations   and   Self- ­Ã¢â‚¬    Reflections    Maximum   1000   words   each   term    The   purpose   of   these   three   reports   is   to   demonstrate   how   you   have   used   the   learning   journal   to    develop   your   self- ­Ã¢â‚¬ awareness   from   term   to   term.   (See   Section   11   about   the   Learning   Journal)    Each   report   is   due   at   the   first   class   meeting   after   each   reading   week.    Guidelines:    The   Reports   should   include   your   reflections   about:       Read MoreWriters Reflection Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Writing Reflection. English has always been one of my favorite subjects along with writing. At a young age I remember always writing childish stories, and comic books. In second grade I even won a writers competition. Writing has always been a part of my life. I keep a journal to write important events happening in my life and I like to write poems as well. However, during my high school years writing essays became more complex. For some reason I couldn’t seem to fullyRead More Mirror: Reflections of Truth Essay508 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Mirror†: Reflections of Truth In Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Mirror†, the reader takes a look into the messages presented and compares them with the reflections that are cast in a mirror and images in a lake. When reading this poem, we discover that the speaker is the actual reflection that gives the interpretation of its views. The first interpretation is shown as a mirror on the wall â€Å"I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.† (1), second as the water in the lake because she states â€Å"Now IRead MoreReflection Within Professional Development: The Gibbs Model Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Within Professional Development In this essay I intend to reflect upon a clinical skill, which I have learned and become competent in practicing. I will apply the Gibbs model to the chosen skill throughout the essay to allow for critical thought. Gibbs model includes the areas of description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. (Gibbs, 1988) The term â€Å"reflection† directly refers to one’s own ability for serious thought or consideration regarding eventsRead MorePersonal Essay : Course Reflection992 Words   |  4 PagesCourse Reflection When my advisor asked me if I wanted to take summer school the first thing I said was, â€Å"Yeah, I want to take English 101.† The only problem was that it started at 8AM and I usually worked the night before, but I thought I could handle it. I enjoy writing. I actually write in my free time sometimes, so I thought English would be no problem. For me, writing is either extremely easy or extremely hard. It’s easy for me when I don’t have restrictions from what I can write about. I canRead MoreA Writers Reflection Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagespositively on my introductions. This was greatly pleasing, for I have always thought them to be my weakest point. In the majority of my writing, the introductions were a result of extensive revisions. For example, the introduction of my Argumentative Essay was partially written in class, but I was not completely satisfied with it. To improve the introduction, I added several things, such as the example of the McDonaldâ⠂¬â„¢s commercial. In truth, I believe that these introductions are overanalyzed, whereRead MoreWriting Reflection Essay905 Words   |  4 PagesWriting a decent essay is as tedious, nerve racking, and strenuous as constructing a layer cake from scratch. First you have to decide that you are going to tackle this feat, and that can be your biggest challenge, motivation. Then you have, you must figure out what kind of cake batter you want to use. Collect all the ingredients to mesh together well, making each layer at a time. You throw all the layers together hoping that somehow they will come together to form a nifty design. But, they don’tRead MoreEssay on An Individuals Reflection on Academic Writing 951 Words   |  4 Pagesdeliver information logically and scientifically. This skill needs to be refined and practiced constantly regularly. After three months of taking ESL 273, I have accumulated various experiences in writing advanced sentences and organizing academic essay s which are really necessary for me to perform well in the next English course, ESL 5, as well as other classes. As a result, I think I am well-prepared and ready for the next coming course ESL 5. During the ESL 273 course, one of my strengths Reflection Essay - 1152 Words Personal Reflection Paper Gary Galicia Cultural Diversity and Special Populations BSHS/345 March 11, 2013 Joseph Andrade Personal Reflection This paper is going to identify an occurrence of invidious comparison and vicarious traumatization that I’ve experienced. Invidious comparison happens each and every day to practically everyone in the world. It is human nature to compare themselves to others, Reflection When I think about invidious comparison and if I’ve ever done it, there is only one answer, yes. Unfortunately I feel that I compare myself to many different people at different times. It could be the guy at the grocery store, or the guy on TV, it could even be one of my friends. The truth is I compare myself to†¦show more content†¦I used it as motivation, motivation to turn my life around and be in the same place she is in her life when I became the same age as her. Now when I look at my life I feel that I’ve succeeded. Knowing now-a-days, how people compare themselves to others. I feel that it is time that we stop. Although it is much harder than it seems. Comparing one another is something we do, there will always be someone stronger, smarter, more attractive, and wealthier. The key is not to let it affect us. An individual will always have something that no one else will. It will differ from each individual. We need to just look at our own life and see what we can do to make it better. If becoming a helper will fill a hole in your life, as it does mine, then do it. If becoming a parent does then do it. We need to stop looking at other people’s lives and focus on our own. We are on this earth for one reason, to live. So we need to stop dwelling on what we don’t have, and go out there and get it, and live, go out and live life. Life is too short to keep complaining about what other people have. Everyone just needs to live life to its fullest. Now there is the topic of vicarious traumatization, this is something that hits ne pretty hard. I am a very emotional and empathetic person. Personally I try to let other people deal with certain traumas in their life alone, without butting my nose into their business. There are those times where they need anShow MoreRelatedReflection1650 Words   |  7 PagesIan-Bradley Tancred This essay analyses and describes what reflection is and how it supports your personal and professional learning. It elaborates upon how and why recognizing your strengths and weaknesses are important and how they can enhance lifelong learning. It describes what arguments and assertions are, what the differences are between them and which one is better. Debnath describes reflection as a means of self-examination to learn from knowledge and experiences which will help transformRead MoreReflection1479 Words   |  6 PagesReflections Both simple and complex reflections were used. A simple reflection used towards the beginning of the interview transpired into, â€Å"pretty active out doing a lot of things.† Alternatively, a complex reflection used when reflecting on Sarah’s feelings about what her friends think about her not socializing subsisted of, â€Å"it bothers you thinking about them, wondering about your intentions.† I used twice as many complex reflections as simple reflections. Unfortunately, I should have usedRead MoreReflection On The Word Reflection 701 Words   |  3 PagesFor me the word ‘reflection’ means taking time to really dig deep into my thoughts, to contemplate something meaningful and significant, to make a decision that often involves me and my future. It has a personal and emotional connection. Daudelin (1996) uses the word ‘reflection’ to encourage managers to create time to recognise the value of learning from past and current work s ituations (‘experience’) and to adapt this learning to new situations. I would prefer to choose the words ‘thought’ or ‘consideration’Read MoreReflection1218 Words   |  5 PagesReflection on your personal development Reflection is a major factor in developing self-awareness to improve services provided to everyone around me, this is to develop my own understanding in realising the good and bad made previously. Moving forward with a better understanding, as well as rectifying the mistake whilst recognizing the good points, (Horton-Deutsch and Sherwood, 2008). Working in a domiciliary setting and visiting vulnerable adults within their homes, I am constantly tryingRead Morereflection703 Words   |  3 Pageshelpful/ inspiring. Your completed template form and content should be a CRITICAL reflection of the paper/ chapter content but NOT merely summarize what you have read. TEMPLATE FOR REFLECTIONS ON EXPERIENCES DATE: PLACE: The experience 1. What experience are you reflecting on (class session, project group meeting, particular piece of reading, other)? Give a brief account of this experience. 2. 3. Reflections on Experience 4. 2. Looking back, what was particularly memorable/ interestingRead MoreNursing reflection.12855 Words   |  52 PagesReflective Essay This essay will look at reflection on a critical incident that has promoted a positive outcome. It is not a very major incident but it stands out as it has a potential for learning. This essay will identify and explain Johns (1994) model of reflection and explain what reflection is and why reflective practice is necessary and how it can be used. Schone (1983) recommended reflection on critical incidence as a valuable term, sited in Ghaye and Lillyman (1997) a critical incidentRead MoreReflection Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesintegral part of nursing. It will also demonstrate how reflection enabled me to make sense of and learn from this experience, as well as identify any further learning developments needed to improve my practice and achieve the level of competency needed for when I qualify as an assistant practitioner. While discussing the knowledge underpinning practice, evidence based literature will be reviewed to support my discussion and for the purpose of reflection the essay will be written in the first person. SpouseRead MoreReflection On Self Development Through Reflection1854 Words   |  8 Pagesthrough reflection is a key issue of education and learning (Kennison, 2012), where you learn through experience (Tashiro, Shimpuku, Naruse and Matsutani, 2013), learn to self-evaluate (Duffy, 2013), identify gaps in knowledge and detect where further training or study is required to improve practice (Olarerin, 2013). Ultimately reflection is thought to be constant learning from practice, thus refining knowledge and experiences and putting them into practice (Naidoo, 2013). Within my reflection examplesRead MoreReflection Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesI determined that I needed a new interest, something to keep my mind engaged and challenged. I enrolled in the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) through the Columbia Southern University (CSU) just for fulfillment. This reflection assignment exercise proves to be the catalyst for my future college endeavors. The assignment to reflect on DBA program dreamed of taking steps towards realizing those ideas and course accomplishments right now. Due to time some course assignments, I will embrace,Read MorePersonal Reflection756 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal reflections are characterized as learning through experience in gaining new insights and changed perception of self and practices. Reflection can be a difficult experience without the support and guidance of an expert (Johns, 2004). This personal reflection presents an exciting opportunity for me to consider how successful my placement in the intermediate care has been in terms of my own personal learning. By reflecting on the positive aspects of the placement, I will be able to make sense

Clinical Information System

Question: Evaluate whether implementing Clinical Information System (CIS) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) enhances the workflows of healthcare workers and improve the quality of care provided to critically ill patients. Answer: 1.1 Introduction Clinical Information System or CIS is the computerized system that stores, double checks and organizes the medical information. Paper charts are replaced by the CIS system as it serves to keep together several information electronically, which includes prescriptions, health history, dictation and doctor's notes. CIS has significantly helped in improving patient care as it contains several safety features, which reduces the probability of errors significantly. CIS is equally private and secure as it permits only the caregivers who are qualified to access the patient records, as compared to the conventional paper charts (Moher et al., 2015). There are several advantages of the implementation of CIS in healthcare as in case of any emergency, the physician can have immediate access to the entire medical history of the patient. When a patient makes an office visit, the physician can go through his medical records and place the test orders directly from the system. Immediate access is to t he test results for the doctors is another advantage and adding to the list, the doctor can send the prescription to the pharmacy directly, that helps the patient on an easy collection of medicines (Mador Shaw, 2009). Apart from the above clinical advantages of CIS, it has a very important role to play in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) for improving the patient outcome. It enhances the workflow of the healthcare workers and improves the quality of care provided to the critically ill patients. It is a common belief that in the 21st century, the healthcare system will require the intensive application of the CIS in the ICU for managing and acquiring data, data transformation for availing information and dissemination of information for using it to improving patient care. It is more important and evident to use CIS in the ICU than at any other arena of healthcare, as it involves complex decision-making processes. Critical illness dynamic requires physiological data that are time stamped and are integrated with the clinical context. Processing of this data takes place through a wide array of nonlinear and linear analytical tools (De Georgia et al., 2015). Advanced data analytics can take place only th rough the CIS and it helps the physicians to make informed and timely decisions for improving the outcomes of the patients. Therefore, integrated informatics for critical care architecture is essentially required for the integration, synchronization, acquisition, storage and integration of all the patient data into a searchable and single database that is waveforms and numeric. This helps to process the data for extracting features that are clinically relevant from the original raw data for translating them into information that is actionable. Technological advancements are working to bring all these features together (Haynes et al., 2010). The present systematic review deals with the evaluation of the implementation of CIS in the ICU and determines whether it improves the patient outcome by enhancing the workflow of the healthcare workers and improves the quality of care provided to the critically ill patients. The review will investigate the impact of the implementation of CIS in ICU on the different activities of the nurses in ICU like documentation time, direct patient care and quality of care. The findings from the various literature will be thoroughly analyzed by the researcher and the outcome will be represented statistically, followed by an extensive discussion of the findings and the actual impact of the clinical information system. Various studies have been conducted on this aspect by different authors, however, no single study have been found that could address the complete implementation of the CIS in ICU and its impact on the nursing activities of documentation time, direct patient care and quality of care. This article aims to fill this gap and will develop a clear understanding of the findings of the investigation by systematically reviewing peer-reviewed articles. Figure 1: Health Information System Forming the Clinical Information System 1.1.1 Aim of the Study The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate whether implementing CIS in the ICU enhances the workflows of healthcare workers and improve the quality of care provided to critically ill patients. 1.1.2 Objectives of the Study The objectives of this systemic review are as follows: Reviewing the available literature describing health information systems, with a particular focus on CIS in the ICU and the evaluation of such systems. The impact of using CIS on documentation time, direct patient care and quality of care. 1.2 Background Information Introduction of computers to the hospitals took place in 1970 when they started to develop Electronic Medical Records (EMR) that included POMR (Patient Oriented Medical Record) introduced at the University of Vermont. University of Utah introduced HELP (Health Evaluation through Logical Processing) and the Duke University introduced TMR (The Medical Record). Harvard introduced the COSTAR (Computer Stored Ambulatory Record) and was programmed by the Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System. For the outpatient and inpatient settings, RMRS (Regenstrief Medical Record System) of Indiana was the first of its type (Nadelson Nadelson, 2014). Not all these EMRs were associated with the intense ICU environment based on the real time data. Weil and Shubin have been credited for the introduction of computers in the ICU in the year 1966 with the purpose of automatic collection of the vital signs from the monitor place on the bedside. It proceeded to the development of CARE (Clinical Assessment, Research and Education System) that was a clinical decision support system developed for aiding in the treatment of the surgical patients, who are critically ill (Amarasingham et al., 2009). The system helped in the continuous monitoring of the metabolic ad physiologic functions of the patients who were critically ill and managed the electrolytes and fluid data with the respiratory and cardiac functions. Hewlett-Packard introduced the PDMS (Patient Data Management System) but it failed to excel in the ICU because of its complex menu, old user interface and was incredibly slow. In the year 1980, blood pressure and heart rate were automatically monitored and its advancement was marked by the data representation in the graphical displays. 1990 introduced internet access to the ICUs that increased and improved the clinical functionality significantly. Web based software supported the cumulative patient data by presenting and recording the patient data continuously by providing links to the nursing documentation, physician notes, imaging and laboratory data from the EMRs and representing them collectively as CIS (Darbyshire, 2004). In the year 2003, GE introduced the Centricity system for the critical care patients and in 2007, Philips introduced its ICIP (IntelliVue Clinical Information Portfolio). This was the first of its kind CIS that was introduced in the ICU for the critical patient s. Centricity Critical Care (CCC) by GE automatically collected data from the ventilators and monitors and displayed it in the spreadsheets of the typical paper type ICU charts. Data collection took place from the medical devices through their interfaces that are connected by the UID (Unity Interface Device) network. ICIP by Philips supported manual and automatic documentations of the physiologic data that had the time resolutions of five minutes (Van Der Meijden et al., 2003). It was supported by a relational database that helped to achieve the essential clinical information like text notes, lab results, patient demographics and medications. From the above inventions, it can be seen that different technological advancements at different times have helped the healthcare professionals to improve the patient care by getting better information of the patient. Detailed information of the patient, through either EMRs or CIS, helped the doctors and surgeons significantly to avoid errors and reduce the time of treatment and that would eventually contribute towards the improved patient outcome. Automation of the processes drastically changed the concept of documentation (Hyrinen, Saranto Nyknen, 2008). Records were no longer missing and were kept confidential more effectively than the conventional systems that significantly reduced the documentation time. It had a direct effect on the quality of care as proper and rapid interpretation and representation of data helped in providing the correct intervention to the patient, without any attempt of experimentation (Bosman, 2009). Direct patient care also improved with technological a dvancement as patients in ICU are in the condition of critical illness. Therefore, their treatment, patient education, counseling and medication are all important factors for the doctors and the nurses and digitalizing them effectively was of help, especially in case of shift change and worsening of the conditions. Figure 2: Components of CIS Figure 3: The Systematic Review Design The above flow diagram describes the design of the present systematic review and the pattern that will be followed by the researcher in answering the research questions. Following the sections of abstract and introduction, the researcher will develop the research questions in the review questions chapter which will be followed by the review method identification. Thereafter, the results will be derived from the study and they will be discussed thoroughly in the discussion part. Next, a conclusion will be drawn to the study followed by the limitations of the study with future recommendations. The researcher will follow the ethical considerations while conducting this study and will avoid the conflicts of interest. This study pattern will finally provide with a justifiable systematic review of the research topic. 1.3 Literature Review The section of literature review includes the knowledge and substantive findings of the methodological and theoretical contributions to any particular topic. The literature review part in this study will discuss the previous comparative studies that the various researchers have carried out to demonstrate the application of CIS in the ICU. The researcher in this section will analyze the topic of application of CIS in the ICU and this is not a part of the actual systematic review. This is only a prologue of the actual systematic review that the researcher has carried out in order to exhibit the various research works that have been carried out on the research topic by various researchers. Plenderleith (2013) carried out a research work regarding the application of CIS in the ICU and found that it helps to manage data in large numbers that are generated daily in the ICU. Appropriate linkage to the systems like monitoring, laboratory helps to simplify the acquisition and data accuracy is increased that are sent to the patient records. Once the data enters the CIS, they are observed from different viewpoints without repeated entries for improving the patient care. The feature of decision support in CIS provides it a versatile dimension. Data concentration at one point simplifies the process of audit, improves the quality and helps to obtain the information from the management more easily as compared to the conventional paper notes. In the ICU, on an average, 1100 data items are acquired everyday for each patient. These data includes data for physiological measurements and intervention records for continuation notes and drug administration. For the conventional system of data recording based on papers, manual entry of data used to take place on multiple paper sheets that included duplicate entry of information. This process often led to poor legibility mistakes and transcription errors. Cross-referencing of data does not happen and they are poorly filed. The patients take the notes away after they leave the ICU and therefore, for performing quality improvement audits, huge collection of paper becomes mandatory. Viewing the information from different aspects is essential in ICU. When data is entered in the system, different contexts can be applied to its presentation. For example, ventilator parameters are observed on the specific screen for ventilator and the data subset is found on a summary screen (Fraenkel, Cowie Daley, 2003). Existing data is incorporated automatically in a different context even if they are from a separate assessment. This feature is helpful in the collection of the information for scoring systems and augmented care pathway. R outine calculations that include production totals of fluid balance, physiological variables and drug prescribing that is weight based are automatically performed. The patient charts are filed after collection in a standardized and accessible format without spreading it as multiple note sets (Ammenwerth et al., 2003). The reviewing of the entire event becomes simplified like summary of the duration of the ventilation of the patients. The collection becomes simultaneous unlike through the conventional way of collecting the forms. Reviewing compliance and performing audit for the care bundles becomes simple as the data becomes easily available. The most innovative invention for the CIS is the decision support that analyzes the data pattern and helps to trigger suggestions (Wang Liao, 2008). This includes the suggestion for considering ventilator bundle if the patient is on a ventilator and is intubated. Suggestion for considering sepsis in case if the patient is having a tachycardia, pyrexia and increased count of white cell. For drug prescriptions, dose checking can be advised if gentamicin is prescribed for a patient who has a raised creatinine level (Heeks, 2006). Although this feature is applied for generation of prescriptions, but it is well expanded in other aspects as well like a symptomatic indication for acute lung injury. All these factors do not contribute to the wellbeing of the patient directly, but they act together to provide outputs that are significantly positive and improves the patient outcome (Ammenwerth et al., 2004). Donati et al. (2008) opined that although CIS have been implemented in many ICUs for a long time, little evidence has been derived about their impact in the staff perceptions and quality of care of the patients. Therefore, the authors compared the time required by CIS and manual patient charting on paper for evaluation of the perception of the staff members while working in an ICU. Useful information can be obtained remotely and from bedside by CIS in an ICU. CIS is constructed on an architecture that based on client-server interface with workstations placed on the bedside for each patient. The physiologic variables are interpreted by electronic charting that provides information to different bedside devices through various interfaces. The sophisticated forms of the CIS include doctor order entry, electronic medical record and radiographic image displaying by PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems). Laboratory and monitoring interfaces are used for automatic collection of data by CIS. All the relevant information of the patient are stored in the database of the CIS like current medication, drug history, specific information, laboratory results and drug interaction warnings. The study design was based on the evaluation of the benefits of using CIS in the ICU on the basis of reduced data time. From the study, it was found that it took 274 minutes for each patient every week for manually recording vital signs, calculating scores, blood gas analysis, chart therapy, fluid balances and laboratory data. However, after the introduction of CIS, the time for the same activities was reduced to 21 minutes every week for each patient. There was a marked difference between the activities examined before and after the introduction of CIS. It was found that prior to installation of CIS, the time spent by the nurses for charting was 17.4% and the time spent for gathering patient data was 6.7%. After the installation, the charting time was decreased by 10% and the dat a gathering time was reduced by 4%. A significant amount of time was saved after the implementation of CIS as manual charting was no more required and the saved time is utilized in patient care. When the demand for nursing time in the ICU increases, priority is given to patient care and results in delayed documentation. More the illness of the patient, more is the generated data in the ICU and the potential benefits of CIS becomes more as considerable is saved in charting and gathering (Haux, 2006). During the study, the data collection periods and the staff members like consultants, nurses and physicians were similar to avoid any bias in the results. The only variable in the study was the patients as they were constantly changed throughout the study. From the study, it was also seen that there was significant time loss with the use of computer as well. Since computers are being intensively in daily lives, therefore, adaptation to the CIS system was easy and rapid for the staff memb ers for accessing patient data. The health professionals easily extracted massive amount of ICU data and considerable time was saved as the applied software system was significantly flexible and allowed sufficient customization to the nurses and physicians as per their requirements (Samaras Horst, 2005). Downtimes were effectively handled to avoid any data loss. Increased time for patient care resulted in improved patient outcomes and better patient compliance. According to Saleem et al. (2015), there are facilitators and barriers to the use of CIS in the ICUs and record keeping for anesthesia. The authors evaluated the use of CIS for the care and recovery settings of post anesthesia and operating rooms. The study was carried out at three medical centers. The administrative staff and clinicians at the workstations placed at bedside, nursing stations, operating rooms and in the physicians rooms use the applications. It facilitates the creation of the assessments, electronic data records and multiple procedures for medical devices. For achieving the objective of the study, an ethnographic study was carried out by the authors where the participants were the end users of CIS and ARK (Anesthesia Record Keeping). Optimization of the ARK and CIS systems was hindered by the software challenges, poor usability, integration issues, hardware challenges, lack of coordination, training concerns and inadequate technical support. These barriers were multi faceted with related sub-barriers and were described along with the participants quotes. Qualitative field observations were used for the analysis of data, they were represented at a level that could be integrated through the cases for showing the behavior pattern and the themes associated with the implementation of the ARK and CIS systems. The barriers presented in the research are addressed by collaboration and cooperation with the vendors and relevant changes have to be made in the system for including them in the ICU documentation. The most important ability is the integration of ARK and CIS with the other applications and meeting the customizations requirements, software challenges and better data display organizations (Kushniruk Patel, 2004). Hardware challenges can also be sorted out by external technical support and with the collaboration and cooperation of the vendors. The study identified several barriers to the implementation of the CIS in the healthcare systems and ther e probable outcomes and solutions have also been derived, with proper recommendations. The methods of human factor engineering are used for applying an approach that is user centered to the requirements specifications, system integration, implementation of the application and application evaluation. Although the benefits of the application of the CIS have been discussed in several other studies, this research proved to discuss the barriers of the system. However, the barriers can be overcome by proper measures and CIS can be utilized to deliver better patient outcome and increased satisfaction and support for the healthcare professionals, working in ICU (Petter, DeLone McLean, 2008). Gmez Tello et al. (2011) carried out a research work for determining the functional and technical standards with the application of CIS in the ICU. CIS is a useful tool for management of patient data in the ICU. It is very important to describe the minimum suitable specifications for making the tool helpful and operative. The results of the process of healthcare are improved by the CIS as it optimizes the quality and safety and collaborates to improve the patient management process. The objective of the study was to prepare a document with the recommendable operating and technical requirements for CIS. The study was carried out in a hospital in Spain and designated a team of software and clinical experts to attain the objective of the study. For the study, ten participants were employed by the engineers and managers from five different Spanish companies manufacturing CIS. There were two phases in the project where the first phase involved checklist completion for establishing the pre sent situation of the application of CIS and the second phase was result discussion by a team of experts. From the study, it was determined that according to the nursing perspectives, incorporation of the essential resources in the system is necessary for carrying out the necessary activities of patient care. CIS must have the tools for care planning with subsequent generation of its activity reports. The advantage of CIS was easier and better to access by the users helped to take decisions that are based on the integrated and consistent information on the prime indicators. The identification of the trends and occult relations for the data developed the management and clinical hypothesis. The requirements from CIS were to achieve a set of characteristics that is useful in ICU settings (Wu Wang, 2006). For this, four different sections were designed like functional, technical, management and data safety. All these sections were met satisfactorily by the CIS and its utilization in th e ICU as per the requirements was successfully established. The study concluded with the saying that CIS is a very versatile and useful tool for using in the ICU and it can be customized as per the client requirements. Synthesizing the research articles, it can be said that all the researchers aimed at a common aspect that ICU significantly helps in the daily activities of the nurses in the ICU and other departments in a hospital. The researchers from the various studies stated that compared to the traditional methods of data keeping, CIS had been very for maintaining the records as a huge amount of data is generated from the ICU every day. Proper maintenance of this data is essential for effective treatment and it takes a long time for maintaining such a huge data. Nurses devote a large portion of time in documentation and therefore, the quality of patient care decreases due to reduced duration of direct patient care. However, in most of the studies, implementation of CIS had a positive impact on patient care as the load of documentation was reduced and the nurses could devote more time to direct patient care. This invariably increased the quality of patient care and therefore, the findings from t he articles from this section of literature review were aligned with the topic of the present research and the selection of the articles proved to be fruitful in finding the significance of the research topic, as a prologue. References Allan, J., Englebright, J. (2000). Patient-centered documentation: an effective and efficient use of clinical information systems.Journal of Nursing Administration,30(2), 90-95. Amarasingham, R., Plantinga, L., Diener-West, M., Gaskin, D. J., Powe, N. R. (2009). Clinical information technologies and inpatient outcomes: a multiple hospital study.Archives of internal medicine,169(2), 108-114. Amarasingham, R., Pronovost, P. J., Diener-West, M., Goeschel, C., Dorman, T., Thiemann, D. R., Powe, N. R. (2007). Measuring clinical information technology in the ICU setting: application in a quality improvement collaborative.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,14(3), 288-294. Ammenwerth, E., Brender, J., Nyknen, P., Prokosch, H. U., Rigby, M., Talmon, J. (2004). Visions and strategies to improve evaluation of health information systems: Reflections and lessons based on the HIS-EVAL workshop in Innsbruck.International journal of medical informatics,73(6), 479-491. Ammenwerth, E., Grber, S., Herrmann, G., Brkle, T., Knig, J. (2003). Evaluation of health information systemsproblems and challenges.International journal of medical informatics,71(2), 125-135. Apkon, M., Singhaviranon, P. (2001). Impact of an electronic information system on physician workflow and data collection in the intensive care unit.Intensive Care.